Anxiety about dental treatment / Ansiedade em relação ao tratamento dentário

ABSTRACT This study compared prevalence and risk factors of dental anxiety between men and women. The sample consisted of 244 participants (n = 122 men) aged 18 years or older who sought dental care at a public Dental Education Institution from March 2018 to November 2019. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale was used to determine presence of dental anxiety. The following risk factors were recorded: age, years of schooling, preoperative pain, and type of dental treatment. Bivariate analysis was used to assess the difference in dental anxiety between the sexes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between dental anxiety and gender, regardless of the influence of other variables. Total prevalence of dental anxiety was 18% (n = 44), 22.9% (28/122) in women and 13.1% (16/122) in men (p = 0.04). Gender (odds ratio: 1.83, 95% confidence interval: 0.92-3.62) and preoperative pain (odds ratio: 2.095, 95% confidence interval: 0.97-4.49) were associated with dental anxiety. We concluded that women had a higher prevalence of dental anxiety. Preoperative pain was associated with dental anxiety regardless of gender.

RESUMO Este estudo avaliou a prevalência e os fatores de risco da ansiedade odontológica entre homens e mulheres. O cálculo amostral foi composto por 244 participantes (n = 122 homens) com 18 anos ou mais que procuraram atendimento odontológico em uma instituição pública de Educação Odontológica no período de março de 2018 a novembro de 2019. A Escala de Ansiedade Odontológica Modificada foi utilizada para determinar a presença de ansiedade odontológica. Os seguintes fatores de risco também foram coletados: idade, anos de estudo, dor pré-operatória e tipo de tratamento odontológico. A análise bivariada foi usada para avaliar a diferença na ansiedade odontológica entre os gêneros. A regressão logística multivariada foi utilizada para analisar a associação entre ansiedade odontológica e gênero, independentemente da influência de outras variáveis. A prevalência total de ansiedade odontológica foi de 18% (n = 44), 22,9% (28/122) nas mulheres e 13,1% (16/122) nos homens (p = 0,04). O gênero (odds ratio: 1,83, intervalo de confiança de 95%: 0,92-3,62) e a dor pré-operatória (odds ratio: 2,095, intervalo de confiança de 95%: 0,97-4,49) foram associados à ansiedade odontológica. Concluímos que as mulheres apresentaram maior prevalência de ansiedade odontológica. A dor pré-operatória foi associada à ansiedade odontológica, independentemente do gênero.

Bonafide, type-specific human papillomavirus persistence among HIV-positive pregnant women: predictive value for cytological abnormalities, a longitudinal cohort study

This study investigated the rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence, associated risk factors, and predictors of cytological alteration outcomes in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women over an 18-month period. HPV was typed through L1 gene sequencing in cervical smears collected during gestation and at 12 months after delivery. Outcomes were defined as nonpersistence (clearance of the HPV in the 2nd sample), re-infection (detection of different types of HPV in the 2 samples), and type-specific HPV persistence (the same HPV type found in both samples). An unfavourable cytological outcome was considered when the second exam showed progression to squamous intraepithelial lesion or high squamous intraepithelial lesion. Ninety patients were studied. HPV DNA persistence occurred in 50% of the cases composed of type-specific persistence (30%) or re-infection (20%). A low CD4+T-cell count at entry was a risk factor for type-specific, re-infection, or HPV DNA persistence. The odds ratio (OR) was almost three times higher in the type-specific group when compared with the re-infection group (OR = 2.8; 95% confidence interval: 0.43-22.79). Our findings show that bonafide (type-specific) HPV persistence is a stronger predictor for the development of cytological abnormalities, highlighting the need for HPV typing as opposed to HPV DNA testing in the clinical setting.

Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Factors among Children below Five Years of Age in Cape Verde, West Africa.

This study estimated the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors in a probability sample of 993 children aged 6-59 months in Cape Verde, West Africa. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated from a hierarchical model for multiple analysis to assess the association between anaemia and explanatory variables. The prevalence of anaemia was 51.8% (95% CI 47.7-55.8). Children who resided within poor household conditions (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.06-3.71) were below 24 months of age (OR 3.23; 95% CI 2.03-5.15) and recently experienced diarrhoea (OR 1.58; 95% CI 0.99-2.50) were at high risk of anaemia. Anaemia should be considered a serious public-health concern in Cape Verde, mainly for children below 24 months. Further, special consideration should be given to children who have experienced recent diarrhoea and belong to families residing in poor household conditions.

Multidrug resistance 1 gene polymorphisms may determine Crohn's disease behavior in patients from Rio de Janeiro

OBJECTIVES: Conflicting data from studies on the potential role of multidrug resistance 1 gene polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease may result from the analysis of genetically and geographically distinct populations. Here, we investigated whether multidrug resistance 1 gene polymorphisms are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases in patients from Rio de Janeiro. METHODS: We analyzed 123 Crohn's disease patients and 83 ulcerative colitis patients to determine the presence of the multidrug resistance 1 gene polymorphisms C1236T, G2677T and C3435T. In particular, the genotype frequencies of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients were analyzed. Genotype-phenotype associations with major clinical characteristics were established, and estimated risks were calculated for the mutations. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in the genotype frequencies of the multidrug resistance 1 G2677T/A and C3435T polymorphisms between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients. In contrast, the C1236T polymorphism was significantly more common in Crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis (p = 0.047). A significant association was also found between the multidrug resistance 1 C3435T polymorphism and the stricturing form of Crohn's disease (OR: 4.13; p = 0.009), whereas no association was found with penetrating behavior (OR: 0.33; p = 0.094). In Crohn's disease, a positive association was also found between the C3435T polymorphism and corticosteroid resistance/refractoriness (OR: 4.14; p = 0.010). However, no significant association was found between multidrug resistance 1 gene polymorphisms and UC subphenotypic categories. CONCLUSION: The multidrug resistance 1 gene polymorphism C3435T is associated with the stricturing phenotype and an inappropriate response to therapy in Crohn's disease. This association with Crohn's disease may support additional pathogenic roles ...

Fatores associados ao prognostico da pneumonia com derrame pleural / Factors associated at the prognosis of the pneumonia with pleural effusion

Trabalhos recentes tem dado enfase ao tratamento cirurgico precoce nos pacientes com empiema. Entretanto fatores preditivos de ma evolucao ainda nao estao definidos. Os autores revisaram 87 casos de pneumonia com derrame pleural internados no Servico de Pediatria do Hospital dos Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, nos ultimos 5 anos, no intuito de detectar parametros que se correlacionassem com um pior prognostico. A presenca de pneumotorax ou pneumatocele no inicio da doenca, o aspecto purulento do derrame pleural foram preditivos de uma evolucao mais lenta e de maior morbidade .